Documents on the corrosion protection of concrete
The protection of concrete and reinforced concrete is built into the design, and it relies on two groups of documents. The first answers the questions of how aggressive the environment is and what measures are needed: in Uzbekistan this is ShNK 2.03.11-24, in the interstate system GOST 31384-2017, and in Russia SP 28.13330.2017 is added to them. The second describes the surface protection systems themselves and the test methods: GOST 32017-2012 and GOST 31383-2008.
| Document | Subject | Status as of October 2026 |
|---|---|---|
| ShNK 2.03.11-24 | Design of protection of concrete, reinforced concrete and other structures in aggressive environments at temperatures from −40 to +50 °C | In force in Uzbekistan since 28.02.2025, replaced KMK 2.03.11-96 |
| GOST 31384-2017 | Requirements for the design of protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in aggressive environments at temperatures from −70 to +50 °C | Interstate; in force in Russia since 01.03.2018, replacing GOST 31384-2008. According to the EASC catalogue, Uzbekistan has joined the 2017 edition but not the 2008 edition |
| SP 28.13330.2017 | Design of corrosion protection of building structures | A Russian document, in force with Amendments No. 1–4 |
| GOST 32017-2012 | Concrete surface protection systems in repair: hydrophobic impregnation, impregnation, coating | Interstate, in Russia since 01.01.2014; Uzbekistan voted for its adoption |
| GOST 31383-2008 | Test methods for the corrosion resistance of concrete, steel reinforcement and protective coatings | In force in Russia since 01.07.2010; Uzbekistan is not among the states that have joined it in the EASC catalogue, but ShNK 2.03.11-24 refers to it |
| QR 04.01-23 | Execution and acceptance of corrosion protection work on structures, including concrete and reinforced concrete | Construction Regulation of Uzbekistan, approved on 31.10.2023 to replace KMK 3.04.02-97 |
| O’zMSt EN 206:2025 | Concrete: specification, exposure classes, production and conformity | National standard of Uzbekistan, identical to EN 206:2013+A2:2021, in force since 26.10.2025 |
What determines the protection requirements
- Exposure class — which deterioration mechanism threatens the concrete and the reinforcement: carbonation, chlorides, sea water, freezing, chemical attack from soils and water (see the table below).
- Degree of aggressive exposure. ShNK 2.03.11-24 divides exposure into non-aggressive, slightly, moderately and highly aggressive (I–IV), taking into account the physical state of the medium — gas, liquid, solids, soil — and the type of attack: sulphate, magnesium, acid, alkaline, biological, as well as alternate freezing and thawing.
- Service life and responsibility class of the structure. The protective measures in ShNK 2.03.11-24 and GOST 31384-2017 are designed for 50 years of service. If a concrete or reinforced concrete structure must last 100 years or the structure belongs to class KS-3, the environment is taken as one degree more aggressive; where the degree is already the highest, the protection is developed under a special design.
- Combined actions. When an aggressive environment acts together with mechanical loading — high stresses, dynamic loads, abrasion from pedestrian and vehicle traffic — the degree of aggressiveness is raised by one step. If a permanently acting medium is warmer than 20 °C, the degree is raised by one step for every 10 °C. For massive reinforced structures in liquid media, conversely, the degree is lowered by one.
- Input data required by ShNK 2.03.11-24: the climate and the humidity regime of the premises, investigations of the composition and level of groundwater, aggressive substances in the soil and water, stray currents, gases and aerosols taking into account the prevailing wind, and mechanical, thermal and biological actions. In reconstruction, they are supplemented by the results of a technical survey to GOST 31937-2011 and an analysis of the causes of the damage.
Exposure classes
The classification of environments in Annex 1 of ShNK 2.03.11-24 is built in the same way as in Annex A to GOST 31384-2017; the X class indices also coincide with EN 206, adopted in Uzbekistan as O’zMSt EN 206:2025. A class is assigned to each surface of the structure and, where there are several actions, a combination of them.
| Group | Classes | What it describes |
|---|---|---|
| No signs of attack | X0 | Unreinforced concrete without freezing, abrasion or chemical attack; reinforced concrete in dry conditions |
| Carbonation | XC1–XC4 | Corrosion of reinforcement induced by carbonation — from permanently dry or permanently wet conditions to alternate wetting and drying |
| Chlorides other than from sea water | XD1–XD3 | Airborne chlorides, industrial water containing chlorides, spray from de-icing agents |
| Sea water | XS1–XS3 | From airborne salt without direct contact to the zone of fluctuating water level and the splash zone |
| Freeze–thaw | XF1–XF4 | Depending on the degree of water saturation and the presence of de-icing salts |
| Chemical attack from soils and water | XA1–XA3 | Slight, moderate and high; limiting concentrations are given in the tables of the annexes to the codes and in EN 206 |
| Alkali–aggregate reaction | WO, WF, WA, WS | By the moisture condition of the concrete, external supply of alkalis and dynamic loading |
Primary, secondary and special protection
ShNK 2.03.11-24 distinguishes three kinds of measures. Primary protection consists of design solutions and materials: the type of cement, the permeability of the concrete, the corrosion characteristics of the reinforcement, protection of embedded items, the cover thickness and the limitation of crack widths. Secondary protection means coatings, impregnations, bonded sheet insulation, cladding, and treatment with water repellents and biocides. Special protection covers the elimination of condensation, the provision of run-off, drainage and electrochemical protection. In a slightly aggressive environment primary protection is used and, where justified, secondary protection; in moderately and highly aggressive environments, materials and coatings that limit or prevent access of the environment to the material of the structure.
ShNK 2.03.11-24 links the type of surface protection to the nature of the exposure:
| Exposure | Surface protection |
|---|---|
| Gases and solid aerosols | Paint coatings |
| Liquid media, direct contact with a solid aggressive medium | Thick-film mastic paint coatings |
| Moisture in the soil | Bonded sheet coatings |
| Liquid media and soil | Sealing impregnation with chemically resistant materials |
| Periodic wetting by water and precipitation, condensation | Hydrophobic treatment |
| Gaseous environment with periodic exposure to liquids, wetting, condensation | Thin-layer polymer-cement coatings |
| Permanent exposure to liquid media | Thick-layer polymer-cement coatings |
| Acid-forming bacteria and fungi | Biocidal materials |
Surface protection systems to GOST 32017-2012
GOST 32017-2012 (EN 1504-2:2004, NEQ) specifies three methods — hydrophobic impregnation, impregnation and coating — and links them to the principles of GOST 32016-2012: protection against ingress, moisture control, physical and chemical resistance, and increasing resistivity. For each method the standard identifies basic and additional properties: permeability to CO₂ and water vapour, capillary absorption, pull-off bond strength, crack-bridging ability, resistance to freeze–thaw with and without salts, to thermal shock, to chemical attack and to impact, the penetration depth of impregnations, and chloride ion diffusion. The selection procedure is: assess the condition of the structure and the causes of deterioration, determine the principle, then the method and the set of properties.
ShNK 2.03.11-24 supplements this with requirements of its own. The materials and system for protecting concrete are selected to GOST 32017-2012, paints must comply with GOST 33290-2015, and the bond strength of the protective coating system to concrete must be at least 1.0 MPa. Before application, the roughness, strength, alkalinity and moisture content of the surface layer are checked, as well as the absence of deterioration, sharp edges and contamination. The surface layer must have a compressive strength of at least 15 MPa for concrete and at least 8 MPa for cement-sand mortar. Under solvent-borne products, the moisture content of a 20 mm thick layer must be no more than 4 % by mass, and under water-borne products no more than 10 %.
A design to Russian codes for a facility in Uzbekistan
SP 28.13330.2017 and GOST 31384-2017 follow the same scheme — exposure class, degree of aggressiveness, service life — but they are independent documents with their own tables. If the protection section has been prepared to the Russian code of practice, it is checked against ShNK 2.03.11-24 when the design is adapted for Uzbekistan: the exposure class and degree of aggressiveness, the requirements for the concrete and the cover, the type of secondary protection and the requirements for its quality. Russian documents are covered on the “Corrosion protection standards in Russia” page, and reworking designs to the codes of Uzbekistan on the “Adapting design documentation” page.
Execution and acceptance of work
In Uzbekistan, protection work on concrete and reinforced concrete structures is carried out to Construction Regulation QR 04.01-23: production control data are kept in the corrosion protection work log, each intermediate stage is recorded in an acceptance report, and the finished coating is checked for continuity, bond to the substrate and thickness. Inspection methods are collected on the “Survey and inspection” page, and surface protection materials in our “Protective coatings and impregnations for concrete” guide.
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